Idghaam with a ghunnah

This is the fourth lesson concerning the  saakinah and tanween. 

In all the rules concerning the  saakinah and tanween, the letter that immediately follows the  is what determines which rule is applied.  The last lesson stated that when the saakinah or tanween (the tanween is only at the end of a word) is at the end of a word, and the first letter of the next word is one of the letters in the group:  the  then merges into the next letter.  The idghaam, or merging of the  saakinah and tanween is further divided into two groups,  (idghaam with a ghunnah) and  (idghaam without a ghunnah).  Ghunnah means nasalization.  The last lesson outlined the sub-group of  which occurs when the  saakinah or tanween is followed by either a  or . 

This lesson will explain the other idghaam sub-group, that of , or idghaam (merging) with a ghunnah.  If we look at the letters that cause idghaam, or merging of the  saakinah and tanween, that being the letters in the group , and remove the letters of the idghaam without a ghunnah group, the  and , we have left four letters, the , , , and , or if we put them in a word, the letters of the word: .  When there is a  saakinah or tanween at the end of a word, and the first letter of the next word is one of the four letters in the group , the  merges into the next letter, with a prolonged nasalization, or ghunnah accompanying this merging.  In the case of the saakinah or tanween merging with the  or  the ghunnah is a left over from the , since this characteristic is not present in these two letters, and the merging is  (an incomplete merging), since the characteristic of the ghunnah of the  remained.  In the case of the  saakinah or tanween merging with the  or , the majority of scholars agree that this is a complete merging, and the ghunnah that is heard is from the  or the  ,now with a shaddah that the  saakinah or tanween has merged into.

Examples of :

In this above aayah, there are two occurrences of , the first one with a  saakinah at the end of the first word of the aayah.  This  is followed by a , which is the first word of the next word.  The  as far as an articulating letter is not pronounced, instead we directly go from the letter before the , which is a , to the , and hold the sound with an accompanying ghunnah, or nasalization, which is a left over characteristic of the .  The second occurrence of idghaam in this aayah is in the last two words.  The next to the last word   , ends with a tanween (which, as we know, is vowel, plus a  saakinah), and the first letter of the next following word is a .  The  of the tanween then merges into the  with an accompanying ghunnah, or nasalization, which is left over from the . 

Other examples of  are:

The idghaam of the  saakinah and tanween can only occur between two words.  If there is a  saakinah in the middle of a word followed by one of the idghaam letters, there is no merging, instead the  is pronounced clearly

(with an ).  In the Glorious Qur’an this only occurs with the  saakinah followed by a  or a , and in only four words. 

This is called: (absolute clearness). 

In the next lesson, insha’ Allah, we will cover exceptions to the idghaam rule.