Question

Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah

Thank you for the answer to my Web question. If possible, I would appreciate further details on your answer. You wrote:
"When we recite  with a fat-h on the word ... the fat-h is due to the grammar form of dispraising of Abu Lahab’s wife, or because she is in the state of carrying."

Could you please enlighten me on the first possibility:
What is the rule of using fat'ha for "dispraising" when  damma is grammatically expected? Examples of the applications of that grammar form will be appreciated.

Wassaalam
Jazakumullah khayran

 Answer

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatu Allahi wa barakatuh.

Wa iyyakum wa al-muslimeen.

There is a grammatical term in Arabic for dispraising which is : , and a term for the opposite case, which is praising, called , the usual case of the  and is a fixed verb for both, the fixed verb for  is    and the fixed verb for praising is  . 

There are some incidents in Arabic where there is an implied verb of dispraise, and the noun that follows is conjugated as: (mansoob based on the dispraising), the same can occur with a implied verb of praise, and the noun following is “mansoob”  
( )based on the praise ( )”.  The mansoob in Arabic grammar can make the noun have a fat-h if it is singular, but would be in the form of a  in a plural normal noun.

 An example of what some scholars of grammar call “mansoob based on praise” is
     in 4:162 .  The aayah has a number of characteristics of the believers, and the nouns are “marfoo’” ( ) with a  in the plural case, but this phrase sticks out of the aayah with the noun being “mansoob” ( ) with a since it is plural :  

 We were unable to find any other examples of     (mansoob based on dispraise) in the Glorious Qur’an.  The grammar books and conjugation of the Glorious Qur’an books use poetry for further examples, so it appears there may not be any other examples in the Glorious Qur’an.

The grammar we are discussing here is pretty advanced, and can be found in complete Arabic grammar books.  Since the verb in these incidents is missing and implied, it requires that one be very accomplished in the Arabic language to understand and pick up its occurrence. 

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatu Allah.