Question

Assalaamu alaikum wa rahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh

Ibdaal, Ishmaam, and Tas-heel.

Can you explain these concepts with examples?

May Allaah reward you with the highest level of paradise. This website is excellent masha'Allaah!

 Answer

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatu Allahi wa barakatuh.

Jazakum Allahu khairan for the comments.

 (ibdaal) is defined linguistically as "exchange".  In applied tajweed it refers to exchanging a letter for another, and this usually is referring to exchanging a medd letter in place of a hamzah.  There are certain words in the Qur'an where this occurs, sometimes it is required, other times it is one of two allowable ways of reading the specific word.  If there is a questioning hamzah before a noun starting with the alif laam ta'reef, the hamzah wasl is read either with "ibdaal", meaning it is read with the hamzah wasl changed into a medd letter, in this case an alif, or the hamzah al-wasl is read with tas-heel. 

 is defined as reading the hamzah in between a hamzah and the medd letter that matches the vowel. 

There are three words in six different aayaat of the Qur'an in which the hamzah al-wasl can be read either with ibdaal or with tas-heel.  The explanation of the reason for the two different ways of reading these words will be explained, insha' Allah, in the next tidbit lesson. These three words are:

To listen to the word  read with (ibdaal), click here

To listen to the word  read with (tas-heel) click here.

The second hamzah in the word  in the phrase:  is always read with (tash-heel) the way we read, Hafs 'an 'Aasim. To listen to this phrase, click here.

 

 is the circling, or dhammah of the two lips, with no accompanying sound, after pronouncing the letter with a sukoon, indicating a dhammah.  The ishmaam,  is seen but not heard.  It can be used when stopping on a word that has an original dhammah on it, to indicate the dhammah that is not pronounced.  It is also one of two correct allowed ways of reading the word:  in aayah 11 of surah Yusef.  In this word, the letter has merged into another letter , both of them having vowels, in what is called .  Please also see the lessons on al-mithlaan, al-mutajanisaan, and al-mutaqaaribaan in the archive tidbit files. The letter  has a shaddah on it, indicated the idghaam.  When pronouncing the  in this word, we can either read it with the idghaam holding the ghunnah for the appropriate time, while making a dhammah of our two lips with no sound, in other words, make an ; or we read with ith-haar of the two different letter  with their original vowels, as in :, but quicken the dhammah on the first , so that it is 2/3 the length of a normal vowel count.  This is called , which means steal.  This term is used because part of the vowel (one third) is snatched away.