Question

assalamoalaikum

Could you please tell me what is temporary kasra? Also in the ra with a shaddah and a fatha, preceeded by an alphabet with a kasra, are both the ra's pronounced heavy or is the first ra prounced soft as in bismillah hir rahman? Does a round ta with a tanveen fatha change to a round ha with a sukoon or a round ha with a fatha and an alif in case of a stop?

Jazakallah

 Answer

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatu Allahi wa barakatuh.

The word “temporary” in conjunction with a vowel is referring to a vowel put on a letter that normally would not have a vowel but instead a sukoon, due to the conditions present.  A better term may be conditional or incidental kasrah.  If there is a word ending in a sukoon followed by a word which has as its first pronounced letter a sukoon, the first letter (of the two saakin letters) then needs to acquire a vowel.  The reason for this is that there is a rule in the Arabic language that there is “forbiddance of the meeting of two saakin letters”.  An example of a conditional kasrah would be in the word:  which normally has a fixed sukoon on the , when this word however, is followed by a word that has a sukoon as the first pronounced letter, it acquires a kasrah, as in:    

A letter with a shaddah cannot be broken apart into two letters when it comes to tafkheem (heavy) and tarqeeq (light).  We look at the rule concerning the letter, and apply it.  The letter  that has an accompanying fat-h, has tafkheem, therefore a letter  with a shaddah and a fat-h has tafkheem on both parts of the shaddah, the  saakinah and the   maftooHah.  The  mushaddadah (with a shaddah) in the word then has tafkheem irregardless of what precedes it in a vowel.

The female ha’, or ,  is written as:  or ,  is found at the end of nouns, and is pronounced as a  with its written vowel when continuing, and as a  saakinah when stopping.  When the  ends with a fat-h tanween, it still follows this rule and so when stopping, is pronounced as stated: as a  saakinah. 
This is an exception to the  rule. Please click here to read more.  

Wa iyyakum wa-l-muslimeen.