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Characteristics of Letters Part 6
Characteristics
that have opposites
The
Fluency and the Refusal
and
The last of the five “pairs of opposite characteristics is special in that in fact, these both of the characteristics in this “pair” have no applied tajweed application. These two characteristics have more to do with the Arabic language than anything else, and are only included here because they are found in tajweed books and Imam Al-Jazaree included them in the characteristic section in his poem about the basics of tajweed.
is
defined linguistically as: fluency or purity of language. More
specifically, it reliance on the
tip of the tongue in pronouncing letters.
There must be a letter from
present
in a four or five letter root for the word to be Arabic in origin.
If none of the letters in the four letter root are from this group,
then the word is not an Arabic word. An
example of this would be in the word:
,
where the second small
is
counted as part of the word, meaning there are five letters.
is defined linguistically
as: desisting, refusal The
letter that has this characteristic is considered heavier because it doesn’t
rely on the tip of the tongue.
Again, these two characteristics have no application in tajweed. Imam Mohammed Al-Jazaree wrote the following lines about the characteristics that have opposite “pairs”:
The meaning of these four lines is: (1)Its
characteristics [the letters’ characteristics] are apparent (
), softness
and
lowered (
),
opened (
),
desisted [The following are the opposites of these named characteristics and their letters. The first group of characteristics has the remaining letters left after the opposite listed characteristic’s letters are taken out]. (2)
Its whispered (
) [letters
are] "
",
its strengthened (
)
[letters are] "
"
(3)
and between soft and strengthened
() [are
the letters] "
", and the
seven elevated are gathered (4)
[The letters]
،
،
،
[have the characteristic of] (
), [and
the letters in the group] "
" [have
the characteristic of] fluency A
note: The words that are together such as:
both
have
the same basic meaning and come from the same root, but are in different
forms. One is close to the
infinitive in meaning (the lowering) the other implies “the one lowered.” Both were written here in the explanation for clarity.
The next tidbit, insha’ Allah, will start explaining the characteristics that do not have opposites, meaning they are either present in the letters or not present. There is no opposite characteristic that the letters that do not have this specific characteristic have. |